EARLY ACCESS: The End of History (Lexual Does The 90s Finale)

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I am SO SORRY that this video is way later than anticipated. It won't be available on Youtube until September 19th. Enjoy the early access and thanks so much for being a patron <3

Main Background Texts

1995: The Year The Future Began (W. Joseph Campbell)

90s Bitch: Media, Culture, and The Failed Promise of Gender Equality (Allison Yarrow)

A People's History of The United States (Howard Zinn)

America In The Nineties (Nina Esperanza Serrianne)

Backlash: The Undeclared War Against Women (Susan Faludi)

Bring the War Home: The White Power Movement and Paramilitary America (Kathleen Belew)

Conservatives in Power: The Reagan Years, 1981-1989, A Brief History With Documents (Meg Jacobs and Julian E. Zelizer)

Fault Lines: A History of The United States Since 1974 (Kevin Kruse and Julian E. Zelizer)

Girls To The Front: The True Story of The Riot Grrl Movement (Sara Marcus)

Living In The Eighties (Edited by Gil Troy and Vincent J Cannato)

Morning In America: How Ronald Reagan Invented The 1980s (Gil Troy)

Official Negligence: How Rodney King and the Riots Changed Los Angeles and the LAPD (Lou Cannon)

Palestine: A Socialist Introduction (Edited by Sumaya Award and brian bean)

Partisans: The Conservative Revolutionaries Who Remade American Politics in the 1990s  (Nicole Hemmer)

Stiffed: The Roots of Modern Male Rage (Susan Faludi)

Superpredator: Bill Clinton's Use and Abuse of Black America (Nathan J. Robinson)

The 1970s: A New Global History From Civil Rights to Economic Inequality (Thomas Borstelmann)

The Age of Clinton: America in the 1990s (Gil Troy)

The Age of Reagan: A History, 1974-2008 (Sean Wilentz)

The Naughty Nineties: Triumph of The American Libido (David Friend)

The Nineties (Chuck Klosterman)

The Other Eighties: A Secret History of America in the Age of Reagan (Bradford Martin)

The Postmodern Presidency: Bill Clinton's Legacy in US Politics (Steven Schier)

The Red and The Blue: The 1990s and the Birth of Political Tribalism (Steve Kornacki)

The Roaring Nineties: The History of The World's Most Prosperous Decade (Joseph E Stiglitz)

The Seventies: The Great Shift in American Culture, Society, and Politics (Bruce J Schulman)

The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism (Naomi Klein)

Australia

Woolner, Derek, et al. After Port Arthur- Issues of Gun Control in Australia. Parliamentary Research Service, 5 July 1996.

Andrew Ward. “Hey, Nature Boy!” AUGUST 1999, 1 Aug. 1999, https://classic.esquire.com/article/1999/8/1/hey-nature-boy.

Brazil, Jeff, and Steve Berry. “From a Shattered Family: ‘Don’t Think It Won’t Happen to You.’” Los Angeles Times, 27 Aug. 1997, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-aug-27-mn-48537-story.html.

Wright, Tony. “From the Archives, 1999: Australia Says No to a Republic.” The Sydney Morning Herald, 4 Nov. 2019, https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/from-the-archives-1999-australia-says-no-to-a-republic-20191104-p537bp.html.

The United Kingdom

Boggan, Steve. “Queen Falls Victim to Radio Hoaxer.” The Independent, 28 Oct. 1995, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/queen-falls-victim-to-radio-hoaxer-1579745.html.

Borrill, Rachel. “66% `yes’ Vote to Monarchy in TV `phone Poll Contradicts Previous Result.” The Irish Times, 8 Jan. 1997, https://www.irishtimes.com/news/66-yes-vote-to-monarchy-in-tv-phone-poll-contradicts-previous-result-1.19905.

Bennett, Will. “Driven by the Vision of a Better School.” The Independent, 11 Dec. 1995, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/driven-by-the-vision-of-a-better-school-1525176.html.

“Britain Relaxes Sunday Drinking Laws - UPI Archives.” UPI, 6 Aug. 1995, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/08/06/Britain-relaxes-Sunday-drinking-laws/4005807681600.

“British Drinkers May Be Able to Savor Their Beer... - UPI Archives.” UPI, 24 Apr. 1995, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/04/24/British-drinkers-may-be-able-to-savor-their-beer/1179798696000.

Burns, John F. “In India, Queen Bows Her Head Over a Massacre in 1919.” The New York Times, 15 Oct. 1997, https://www.nytimes.com/1997/10/15/world/in-india-queen-bows-her-head-over-a-massacre-in-1919.html?smid=pl-share.

Carvel, John. “Immigration Rise Main Social Trend of 1990s.” The Guardian, 25 Jan. 2001, https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jan/25/race.world.

“Chronology Of ‘Mad Cow’ Crisis - CBS News.” CBS, 26 Oct. 2000, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/chronology-of-mad-cow-crisis.

Green, Emily. “Britain Details the Start of Its ‘Mad Cow’ Outbreak.” The New York Times, 26 Jan. 1999, https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/26/science/britain-details-the-start-of-its-mad-cow-outbreak.html.

Cooke, Rachel. “Blair’s Babes 10 Years On.” The Guardian, 22 Apr. 2007, www.theguardian.com/politics/2007/apr/22/women.labour1.

“Judge Ends Straw Fiasco.” The Guardian, The Guardian, 3 Jan. 1998, www.theguardian.com/politics/1998/jan/03/immigrationpolicy.

Pidd, Helen. “Will Straw: “I Don’t Want Special Treatment. I Want to Prove Myself.”” The Guardian, The Guardian, 4 May 2014, www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/may/04/will-straw-mp-labour-jack-straw-interview.

Jonze, Tim. “Loaded Founder James Brown on Lads’ Mags, Lairiness and Living to Tell the Tale: ‘We Flew so Close to the Sun Our Trainers Melted.’” The Guardian, 10 Sep. 2022, https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2022/sep/10/loaded-founder-james-brown-on-lads-mags-lairiness-and-living-to-tell-the-tale.

Lyall, Sarah. “THE WORLD;Once Just a Princess, Suddenly a Feminist.” The New York Times, 26 Nov. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/26/weekinreview/the-world-once-just-a-princess-suddenly-a-feminist.html.

“How George Soros Forced the UK to Devalue the Pound : Planet Money.” NPR, 4 Dec. 2024, https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1216966368.

Kennedy, Lesley. “How the Mad Cow Disease Crisis Shook Britain.” HISTORY, 13 May 2024, https://www.history.com/news/mad-cow-disease-england-cows.

“Memories of Her Majesty: Elizabeth II’s Historic Visit to South Africa.” Royal Central. 17 Sep. 2022, https://royalcentral.co.uk/features/memories-of-her-majesty-elizabeth-iis-historic-visit-to-south-africa-181243/#google_vignette.

Bashir, Martin. “Princess Diana Interview.” PBS, 1995, www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/royals/interviews/bbc.html.

Princess Diana Sparks Landmines Row. BBC, 15 Jan. 1997, https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/15/newsid_2530000/2530603.stm.

“Princess Diana’s 1997 Landmine Walk: ‘I Come with My Heart.’” Www.Bbc.Com, 15 Jan. 2024, https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20240112-princess-dianas-1997-landmine-walk-i-come-with-my-heart.

“Public Inquiry into the Shootings at Dunblane Primary School.” GOV.UK, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/public-inquiry-into-the-shootings-at-dunblane-primary-school. .

“Pubs Enjoy Taste of All-Day Sunday Opening Leaves Pubs.” The Independent, https://www.the-independent.com/news/pubs-enjoy-taste-of-allday-sunday-opening-leaves-pubs-1595141.html.

“Queen Elizabeth Arrives For Visit To South Africa.” Spokesman.Com, 20 Mar. 1995, https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1995/mar/20/queen-elizabeth-arrives-for-visit-to-south-africa.

“Queen Visits Ulster - UPI Archives.” UPI, 9 Mar. 1995, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/03/09/Queen-visits-Ulster/1577794725200.

S. T. V. News. “Dunblane Massacre: Timeline of School Shooting That Shocked a Nation.” STV News, 11 Mar. 2016, https://news.stv.tv/archive/1345003-dunblane-massacre-timeline-of-school-shooting-that-shocked-a-nation.

“The Fall of Margaret Thatcher.” Museum of the Prime Minister, https://www.museumofpm.org/articles/the-fall-of-margaret-thatcher. 

Kamp, David. “London Swings! Again!” Vanity Fair, Mar. 1997.

“Major Woos Ethnic Voters but Admits Racism Exists.” The Independent, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/major-woos-ethnic-voters-but-admits-racism-exists-1283874.html. 

Melaugh, Martin. “The Omagh Bomb - Main Events.” Cain Web Service, Wayback Machine, 15 Aug. 1998, https://web.archive.org/web/20111001132931/https://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/omagh/events.htm.

“‘One for Each Nostril’: What It Was Like to Work for The Face in the Nineties.” Esquire, 21 May 2022, https://www.esquire.com/uk/culture/a40046434/the-nineties-the-face.

“One Year On: Dry Your Eyes She Was No Saint and Her Death Changed.” The Independent, 28 Aug. 1998, https://www.the-independent.com/life-style/one-year-on-dry-your-eyes-she-was-no-saint-and-her-death-changed-nothing-says-yvonne-roberts-1174708.html#comments-area.

Pilkington, Edward. “Blonde Bombshell Goes Off.” The Guardian, 21 Nov. 1995, https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/1995/nov/21/greatinterviews.

“Princess Diana Admits Affair.” UPI, 20 Nov. 1995, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/11/20/Princess-Diana-admits-affair/7674.

Stevenson, Richard W. “Bomb Wounds 100 in London As I.R.A. Truce Is Said to End.” The New York Times, 10 Feb. 1996, https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/10/world/bomb-wounds-100-in-london-as-ira-truce-is-said-to-end.html.

Taylor, Adam. “This Daily Mail Headline May Have Been Crucial In Putting Racist Murderers Behind Bars.” Business Insider, 3 Jan. 2012, https://www.businessinsider.com/stephen-lawrence-daily-mail-paul-dacre-2012-1.

“New Wayne Douglas Inquest Ruled Out.” BBC, 30 July 1998, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/142385.stm.

“The Labour Party and 1997 General Election.” London School of Economics and Political Science, https://www.lse.ac.uk/library/whats-on/online-exhibitions/the-power-to-vote/the-labour-party-and-the-general-election-1997. 

Travis, Alan. “Stephen Lawrence: How His Murder Changed the Legal Landscape.” The Guardian, 22 Apr. 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/apr/22/stephen-lawrence-murder-changed-legal-landscape.

Victor, Peter. “Diana: ‘I Have Been Unfaithful.’” The Independent, The Independent, 21 Nov. 1995, https://www.the-independent.com/news/diana-i-have-been-unfaithful-1582908.html.

“Wall of Silence from White Youths at Lawrence Inquest.” The Independent, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/wall-of-silence-from-white-youths-at-lawrence-inquest-1278182.html. 

Woodyatt, Amy. “Bill Clinton Turned down Tea with the Queen to ‘Be a Tourist’ and Eat Indian Food.” CNN, 20 Jul. 2021, https://www.cnn.com/2021/07/20/uk/bill-clinton-queen-elizabeth-intl-scli-gbr/index.html.

World Remembers Diana. BBC, 1997, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/diana/world.html.

“Give Us Alarms in Classrooms.” Daily Mirror, 3 Apr. 1996, p. 18.

Murray, Phillip. “The Queen’s Diplomacy.” Foreign Affairs, 13 Sept. 2022, www.foreignaffairs.com/europe/queens-diplomacy.

Reuters. “Man’s Death Sets off Riot in London.” The New York Times, 15 Dec. 1995, p. 10.

“Support for British Monarchy Halved, Poll.” Albeerni Valley Times, 19 Nov. 1997, p. 16.

Wooley, Simon. “Unfortunately, Many Black People See No Point in Voting.” Greenford and Northolt Gazette, 16 Aug. 1996, p. 8.

Ireland

“IRELAND: DIVORCE REFERENDUM: REACTION to VOTE.” Youtube, 1995, www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_CYmI71ehA.

“Irish Playboy Ban Lifted .” YouTube, 1995, www.youtube.com/watch?v=lXB6VS3bp8s.

Rafferty, Mary. “Suffer the Little Children.” Irish Independent, 24 Apr. 1999, www.independent.ie/news/suffer-the-little-children/26259096.html.

“States of Fear” Journalist Mary Raftery Dies.” BBC, 10 Jan. 2012, www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-16484276.

France

Dobbs, Michael. “Mitterrand, Chirac Vie For Position.” The Washington Post, 2 Jun. 1986, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/06/02/mitterrand-chirac-vie-for-position/edf865b7-7fc6-4a95-b35f-f56170527142.

Estevão, Marcello, and Filipa Sá. The 35-Hour Workweek in France: Straightjacket or Welfare Improvement? July 2008, dl.icdst.org/pdfs/files3/d44edaf272d87963c995a918758e5e7b.pdf.

Giussani, Bruno. “Georgia Tech Is Sued for Non-French Web Site.” Nytimes.com, 31 Dec. 1996, archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/cyber/euro/1231euro.html.

Nelsson, Richard. “France Stops Nuclear Test Programme.” The Guardian, 30 Jan. 1996, www.theguardian.com/world/from-the-archive-blog/2021/jan/27/france-stops-nuclear-test-programme-pacific-1996.

Gurfinkiel, Michel. “Islam in France: The French Way of Life Is in Danger.” Middle East Quarterly, 1 Mar. 1997, https://www.meforum.org/337/islam-in-france-the-french-way-of-life-is-in.

Kraft, Scott. “16 Bodies Found in French Alps; Cult Ritual Suspected.” Los Angeles Times, 24 Dec. 1995, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-12-24-mn-17454-story.html.

—. “Longest French Strike in 3 Decades Ends .” Los Angeles Times, 16 Dec. 1995, www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-12-16-mn-14600-story.html.

—. “French Presidential Race Neck and Neck : Election: Today’s Balloting Pits Socialist Lionel Jospin against Con.” Los Angeles Times, 7 May 1995, www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-05-07-mn-63518-story.html. 

Marlise Simons. “Chirac Affirms France’s Guilt In Fate of Jews.” The New York Times, 17 Jul. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/17/world/chirac-affirms-france-s-guilt-in-fate-of-jews.html.

Paris, Tony Barberin. “Jospin Shoulders Task of Restoring Fortunes of the Left | the Independent.” The Independent, 8 May 1995, www.independent.co.uk/news/world/jospin-shoulders-task-of-restoring-fortunes-of-the-left-1618750.html.

Press, The Associated. “French Purists Lose Their Cases.” The New York Times, 10 June 1997, www.nytimes.com/1997/06/10/business/french-purists-lose-their-cases.html.

Warner, Margaret. “WINTER OF DISCONTENT (Transcript).” PBS, Wayback Machine, 8 Dec. 1995, https://web.archive.org/web/20121106110617/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/europe/france_12-8.html.

Whitney, Craig R. “Cult Horror Maims Prominent French Family.” The New York Times, 27 Dec. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/27/world/cult-horror-maims-prominent-french-family.html.

Germany

Brown, Paul. “The UN Holds the First Cop Climate Conference in Berlin.” The Guardian, 6 Dec. 2023, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/dec/06/the-un-holds-first-cop-climate-conference-in-berlin-1995.

Buerkle, Tom and International Herald Tribune. “British-German Agenda Marks Break With Left : Manifesto Maps Out ‘Third Way.’” The New York Times, 9 Jun. 1999, https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/09/business/worldbusiness/IHT-britishgerman-agenda-marks-break-with-left.html.

The Balkans

Amnesty International. Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: Mr. Miloševi_, If You Have Nothing to Hide, Let the World Come and See for Itself Right Now! 10 Mar. 1998, www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/eur700131998en.pdf.

Aronov, Nikita. “From Nationwide Leader to The Hague: Viewing Milošević’s History through the Eyes of Opposition.” The Insider, 10 Aug. 2023, https://theins.ru/en/history/264139.

Clinton, Bill. Executive Order 13088. 9 June 1998.

Cohen, Roger. “CROATIA HITS AREA REBEL SERBS HOLD, CROSSING U.N. LINES.” The New York Times, 2 May 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/02/world/croatia-hits-area-rebel-serbs-hold-crossing-un-lines.html?ref=croatia.

Engelberg, Stephen, et al. “MASSACRE IN BOSNIA; Srebrenica: The Days of Slaughter.” The New York Times, 29 Oct. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/29/world/massacre-in-bosnia-srebrenica-the-days-of-slaughter.html.

Gibbs, David N. "Was Kosovo the Good War?" Tikkun, vol. 24 no. 4, 2009, p. 51-73. Project MUSE, https://muse.jhu.edu/article/594617.

Clinton, Bill. Executive Order 13088. 9 June 1998.

Harden, Blaine. “CRISIS IN THE BALKANS: THE OPPOSITION; Thousands Protest Milosevic In City Devastated by Bombs.” The New York Times, 30 Jun. 1999, https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/30/world/crisis-balkans-opposition-thousands-protest-milosevic-city-devastated-bombs.html.

Jarvis, Christopher. “The Rise and Fall of Albania’s Pyramid Schemes.” Finance and Development F&D, Mar. 2000, www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2000/03/jarvis.htm.

Kevin Fedarko and Mark Thompson. “RESCUING SCOTT O’GRADY: ALL FOR ONE.” TIME, 19 Jun. 1995, https://time.com/archive/6727516/rescuing-scott-ogrady-all-for-one.

Kohan, John. “Assault at High Noon.” Wayback Machine, 26 June 1995, web.archive.org/web/20081201145725/www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,983088,00.html.

Luke, Banja. THE FATE OF BOSNIAKS IN AND AROUND SREBRENICA BETWEEN 10th AND 19th JULY 1995. Wayback Machine, 2004, https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223001/https://trial-ch.org/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/trialwatch/Srebrenica_Report2004.pdf.

Mitchell, Alison. “CONFLICT IN THE BALKANS: IN WASHINGTON; After the Cigars, Clinton Still Faces Growing Criticism of Bosnia Policy.” The New York Times, 9 Jun. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/09/world/conflict-balkans-washington-after-cigars-clinton-still-faces-growing-criticism.html.

“Muted and Mixed Public Response To Peace in Kosovo.” Pew Research Center, 15 Jun. 1999, https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/1999/06/15/muted-and-mixed-public-response-to-peace-in-kosovo.

“The Conflicts.” International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, United Nations, https://www.icty.org/en/about/what-former-yugoslavia/conflicts.

“Thousands Join Protest against Milosevic Regime.” Cape Cod Times, 30 Jun. 1999, https://www.capecodtimes.com/story/news/1999/06/30/thousands-join-protest-against-milosevic/51034440007.

“A Kosovo Chronology.” Frontline, PBS, 1999, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/kosovo/etc/cron.html.

Perritt, Henry H. Kosovo Liberation Army: The Inside Story of an Insurgency. University of Illinois Press, 2008, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/j.ctt1xcgg3.

Sachs, Susan. “CRISIS IN THE BALKANS: PRISONERS; Serbs Release 3 Captured U.S. Soldiers.” The New York Times, 2 May 1999, https://www.nytimes.com/1999/05/02/world/crisis-in-the-balkans-prisoners-serbs-release-3-captured-us-soldiers.html.

Star, Paul. “The Choice in Kosovo.” The American Prospect, Princeton University, 1999, https://www.princeton.edu/~starr/articles/articles99/Starr-Choice-in-Kosovo-7-99.htm.

“THE RESCUE OF CAPT. SCOTT O’GRADY.” Scholar.Lib.vt.Edu, Virginian-Pilot, 9 Jun. 1995, https://scholar.lib.vt.edu/VA-news/VA-Pilot/issues/1995/vp950609/06090529.htm.

Weir, Keith. “Mandela Slams Western Action in Kosovo, Iraq.” Coverage, Reuters, 13 Apr. 2000, https://www.converge.org.nz/pma/smand.htm.

Russia

Aslund, Anders. “The Oligarchs.” Russias Capitalist Revolution: Why Market Reform Succeeded and Democracy Failed, 2007.

Broder, John M. “Clinton Blasts Russia for Its War in Chechnya.” Los Angeles Times, 14 Jan. 1995, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-01-14-mn-19852-story.html.

“Chechnya Profile.” BBC News, 24 May 2012, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18188085.

“Commanding Heights : Robert Rubin.” PBS, 2000, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/int_robertrubin.html.See: The Russian Collapse

Erlanger, Steven. “RUSSIAN SOLDIERS STORM A HOSPITAL SEIZED BY REBELS.” The New York Times, 17 Jun. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/17/world/russian-soldiers-storm-a-hospital-seized-by-rebels.html.

“Gorbachev Punched in Face - UPI Archives.” UPI, 24 Apr. 1996, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1996/04/24/Gorbachev-punched-in-face/8655830318400.

“Gorbachev’s Pitch for Pizza Released.” CNN, 23 Dec. 1997, https://web.archive.org/web/20120722161634/https://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9712/23/gorby.pizza.

Gordon, Michael R. “RUSSIA AND I.M.F. AGREE ON A LOAN FOR $10.2 BILLION.” The New York Times, 23 Feb. 1996, https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/23/world/russia-and-imf-agree-on-a-loan-for-10.2-billion.html.

Johnson, Greg. “Gorbachev Takes Russians to the Edge in New Pizza Hut Commercial.” Los Angeles Times, 23 Dec. 1997, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-dec-23-fi-1584-story.html.

Kohan, John. “Assault at High Noon.” Wayback Machine, 26 June 1995, web.archive.org/web/20081201145725/www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,983088,00.html.

“Police Deny Gorbachev Slapping Incident.” UPI, 9 May 1996, https://www.upi.com/amp/Archives/1996/05/09/Police-deny-Gorbachev-slapping-incident/4729831614400.

Malhas, Majeed. “Shock Therapy: The Economic Policy That Gave Rise to Vladimir Putin.” Spheres of Influence, 12 Mar. 2022, spheresofinfluence.ca/shock-therapy-putin-russia/.

Remnick, David. “Mikhail Gorbachev’s Last Hurrah.” The New Yorker, 11 Mar. 1996, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1996/03/11/gorbachevs-last-hurrah?_sp=2ec3429e-0b69-4c10-ac77-e3fc4c82fda3.1739226797283.

---. “THE WAR FOR THE KREMLIN.” The New Yorker, 22 Jul. 1996, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1996/07/22/the-war-for-the-kremlin.

“RESCUING BORIS.” TIME, 15 Jul. 1996, https://time.com/archive/6729292/rescuing-boris.

Reuters. “10.2 Billion Loan To Russia Approved.” The New York Times, 27 Mar. 1996, https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/27/world/10.2-billion-loan-to-russia-approved.html.

Rosalsky, Greg. “How ‘shock Therapy’ Created Russian Oligarchs and Paved the Path for Putin.” NPR, 22 Mar. 2022, https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2022/03/22/1087654279/how-shock-therapy-created-russian-oligarchs-and-paved-the-path-for-putin.

Shimer, David. “Election Meddling in Russia: When Boris Yeltsin Asked Bill Clinton for Help.” The Washington Post, 26 Jun. 2020, https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/06/26/russian-election-interference-meddling.

Specter, Michael. “Chechen Rebels Said to Kill Hostages at Russian Hospital.” The New York Times, 16 Jun. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/16/world/chechen-rebels-said-to-kill-hostages-at-russian-hospital.html.

---. “CONTRABAND WOMEN -- A Special Report.; Traffickers’ New Cargo: Naive Slavic Women.” The New York Times, 11 Jan. 1998, https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/11/world/contraband-women-a-special-report-traffickers-new-cargo-naive-slavic-women.html.

Stanley, Alessandra. “From Perestroika to Pizza: Gorbachev Stars in TV Ad.” The New York Times, 3 Dec. 1997, https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/03/world/from-perestroika-to-pizza-gorbachev-stars-in-tv-ad.html.

Cyprus and Turkey

Drake, Chris. “Cyprus Bows to Pressure and Drops Missile Plan.” The Guardian, The Guardian, 30 Dec. 1998, www.theguardian.com/world/1998/dec/30/cyprus.

The Associated Press. “Missile Buy Deplored by U.S.” Sun-Journal, 7 Jan. 1997, p. 20.

“Turkey Quakes to Cost Nation $6.2 Billion .” ReliefWeb, 24 Nov. 1999, reliefweb.int/report/turkey/turkey-quakes-cost-nation-62-billion-minister.

Israel, Palestine, and Lebanon

“A Song of Peace Silenced Long Ago, the Rockets of War Exploding Today, and the Legacies Still to Be Written.” Chicago Sun-Times, 27 Oct. 2023, https://chicago.suntimes.com/columnists/2023/10/27/23935649/yitzak-rabin-assassination-funderal-benjamin-netanyahu-hussein-bill-clinton-arafat.

Amjad Iraqi. “The Myth of Rabin the Peacemaker.” +972 Magazine, 27 Sep. 2020, https://www.972mag.com/yitzhak-rabin-oslo-accords-aoc.

Blumenfeld, Laura. “A LONG BAD DREAM’.” The Washington Post, 21 Nov. 1995, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1995/11/21/a-long-bad-dream/c25d3c1c-ba7e-4325-ae08-23d59d92a2f4.

Clinton, Bill. WORKING TO BRING PEACE TO THE MIDDLE EAST. Clinton White House Archives, 26 Oct. 1998, https://clintonwhitehouse5.archives.gov/WH/Work/102698.html.

Erlanger, Steven. “Peres Under Pressure to Call an Early Election in Israel.” The New York Times, 19 Jan. 1996, https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/19/world/peres-under-pressure-to-call-an-early-election-in-israel.html.

Filkins, Dexter. “The Assassination That Killed Peace in Israel.” The New Yorker, 26 Oct. 2015, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/10/26/yitzhak-rabin-assassination-israel-oslo-peace-accords.

“How Peace Died with Yitzhak Rabin.” Arab News, 31 Oct. 2020, https://www.arabnews.com/node/1756626.

“Israel Opens Disputed Tunnel - The Canadian Encyclopedia.” Www.Thecanadianencyclopedia.Com, https://web.archive.org/web/20121020014235/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/macleans/israel-opens-disputed-tunnel.

Katzenell, Jack. “Leah Rabin, Widow of Slain Israeli Leader, Dies.” Bangor Daily News, 13 Nov. 2000, https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2457&dat=20001113&id=SKFJAAAAIBAJ&pg=1418,4045400.

Kifner, John. “A SON OF ISRAEL: Rabin’s Assassin -- A Special Report.;Belief to Blood: The Making of Rabin’s Killer.” The New York Times, 19 Nov. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/19/world/son-israel-rabin-s-assassin-special-report-belief-blood-making-rabin-s-killer.html.

Liebermann, Oren. “Shimon Peres: Israel’s Warrior for Peace Dies.” CNN, 27 Sep. 2016, https://edition.cnn.com/2016/09/27/middleeast/shimon-peres-obit/index.html.

Makovsky, Alan. “Arab Reaction to Rabin’s Assassination.” The Washington Institute, 7 Nov. 1995, https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/arab-reaction-rabins-assassination.

Pressman, Jeremy. “The Second Intifada: Background and Causes of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict.” Journal of Conflict Studies, vol. 23, no. 2, 2003, https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/jcs/article/view/220/378.

“REBUILDING HOUSES - BUT NOT TRUST - IN SOUTHERN LEBANON.” Deseret News, 12 Jun. 1996, https://www.deseret.com/1996/6/12/19248185/online-document-rebuilding-houses-but-not-trust-in-southern-lebanon.

“Recommendations.” Human Rights Watch, 1997, https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1997/isrleb/Isrleb-01.htm#P128_20703.

“Revisiting Rabin’s Assassination, And The Peace That Might Have Been.” WUSF, 13 Oct. 2015, https://www.wusf.org/2015-10-13/revisiting-rabins-assassination-and-the-peace-that-might-have-been.

Schmemann, Serge. “In West Bank, ‘Time’ for Settlements Is Clearly Not ‘Out.’” The New York Times, 5 Dec. 1997, https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/05/world/in-west-bank-time-for-settlements-is-clearly-not-out.html.

---. “THE ISRAELI VOTE: THE OVERVIEW;NETANYAHU NARROW VICTOR; SETS OUT TO FORM A CABINET AND ASSURE ARAB NEIGHBORS.” The New York Times, 1 Jun. 1996, https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/01/world/israeli-vote-overview-netanyahu-narrow-victor-sets-form-cabinet-assure-arab.html.

Serge Schmemann. “MIDEAST TURMOIL: THE OVERVIEW; 9 Palestinians Die in Protests Marking Israel’s Anniversary.” The New York Times, 15 May 1998, www.nytimes.com/1998/05/15/world/mideast-turmoil-overview-9-palestinians-die-protests-marking-israel-s.html.

“The History of Conflict between Hezbollah and Israel.” Al Jazeera, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/18/hezbollah-and-israel-a-timeline-of-conflict.

The Independent. “Qana Dead ‘a Bunch of Arabs.’” The Independent, The Independent, 10 May 1996, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/qana-dead-a-bunch-of-arabs-1346664.html.

Guttman, Nathan. “The Agony of the Ecstasy.” Haaretz.Com, https://www.haaretz.com/2004-09-14/ty-article/the-agony-of-the-ecstasy/0000017f-e383-d568-ad7f-f3ebe1a90000. 

Ketcham, By Christopher. “The Israeli ‘Art Student’ Mystery.” Salon, Wayback Machine, 7 May 2002, https://web.archive.org/web/20110917233629/https://dir.salon.com/news/feature/2002/05/07/students/index.html.

“QUESTION OF THE VIOLATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE OCCUPIED ARAB TERRITORIES, INCLUDING PALESTINE.” United Nations, Wayback Machine, 11 Mar. 2004, https://web.archive.org/web/20070310192255/https://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.nsf/2ee9468747556b2d85256cf60060d2a6/c2a9efb804d4155685256e5a006d2c41%21OpenDocument.

Reuters. “Qana Dead ‘a Bunch of Arabs.’” The Independent, 10 May 1996, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/qana-dead-a-bunch-of-arabs-1346664.html.

Shahak, Israel. The Real Israeli Interest in Lebanon. Jul. 1996, https://archive.ph/20010121131000/https://www.washington-report.org/backissues/0796/9607019.htm.

Shavit, Ari. “How Easily We Killed Them.” The New York Times, 27 May 1996, https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/27/opinion/how-easily-we-killed-them.html.

“The Real Israeli Interest in Lebanon.” WRMEA, 11 Jul. 1996, https://www.wrmea.org/1996-july/the-real-israeli-interest-in-lebanon.html.

Iraq

Ali, Doa. “How to Kill an Entire Country.” Transnational Institute, 26  Jul. 2023, https://www.tni.org/en/article/how-to-kill-an-entire-country.

Blair, Tony. “Blair on Bombing Iraq.” The Guardian, 17 Dec. 1998, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1998/dec/17/politicalnews.uk.

CURTIS, MARK. “Blair Misled Parliament over 1998 Iraq Bombing, Files Show.” Declassified UK, 17 Apr. 2023, https://www.declassifieduk.org/blair-misled-parliament-over-1998-iraq-bombing-files-show.

“Emotions Run High at Town Meeting.” The Lantern, 2 Aug. 1998, https://www.thelantern.com/1998/08/emotions-run-high-at-town-meeting.

Glass, Andrew. “Clinton Orders Airstrike on Iraq.” Politico, 16 Dec. 2016, https://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/clinton-orders-airstrike-on-iraq-dec-16-1998-232571.

“Oil-Food Trade-off OK’d by Baghdad.” The Palm Beach Post, 21 May 1996, https://www.newspapers.com/image/134702610.

Otterman, Sharon. “IRAQ: Oil for Food Scandal.” Council on Foreign Relations, https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/iraq-oil-food-scandal. 

Schwarz, Jon. “RIP Madeleine Albright and Her Awful, Awful Career.” The Intercept, 25 Mar. 2022, https://theintercept.com/2022/03/25/madeleine-albright-dead-iraq-war-herbalife.

Sharrock, David. “‘Iraq Is Falling Apart. We Are Ruined.’” The Guardian, 24 Apr. 1999, https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/apr/24/iraq.davidsharrock.

Iran

Hanna, Andrew. “Part 1: Phases of the Women’s Movement.” The Iran Primer, United States Institute of Pece, 11 Aug. 2020, https://iranprimer.usip.org/blog/2020/aug/11/iranian-womens-movement-four-phases.

Hare, Shahla. “Iran’s Invisible Candidates.” Harvard Divinity Bulletin, 2006, https://bulletin.hds.harvard.edu/irans-invisible-candidates.

“Iran during the Late 1990s/Early 2000s Khatami ‘reform’ Era.” University of Manchester Library, https://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/services/digitisation-services/projects/nashriyah-digital-iranian-history/iran-during-the-late-1990s.

Moaveni, Azadeh. “The Islamic Republic of Baby-Making.” Foreign Policy, 17 Jan. 2014, https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/01/17/the-islamic-republic-of-baby-making.

Sahimi, Muhammad. “Anniversary of a Turning Point.” Frontline, 10 Jul. 2010, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2010/07/anniversary-of-a-turning-point.html.

Wong, Traci. “How Iran Became a Leader in Fertility Treatment, Courtesy of the Ayatollahs.” The World from PRX, 22 Jan. 2014, https://theworld.org/stories/2014/01/22/how-iran-became-leader-fertility-treatment-courtesy-ayatollahs.

Afghanistan

Bezhan, Frud. “How The Taliban Went From International Pariah To U.S. Peace Partner In Afghanistan.” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 24 Mar. 2020, https://www.rferl.org/a/how-the-taliban-went-from-international-pariah-to-u-s-peace-partner-in-afghanistan/30502909.html.

Bisone, Frederica. “Killing a Fly with a Cannon: The American Response to the Embassy Attacks.” New York Law School Journal of International and Comparative Law, vol. 20, no. 1, 2000.

Braun, Stephen, and Judy Pasternak. “Long Before Sept. 11, Bin Laden Aircraft Flew Under the Radar.” Los Angeles Times, 18 Nov. 2001, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-nov-18-mn-5593-story.html.

“Cease-Fire Understanding in Lebanon- and Remarks by Prime Minister Peres and Secretary of State Christopher.” Www.Israel-Mfa.Gov.Il, https://web.archive.org/web/20070310234701/https://www.israel-mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign%20Relations/Israels%20Foreign%20Relations%20since%201947/1995-1996/Cease-fire%20understanding%20in%20Lebanon-%20and%20remarks%20b. 

CIA Trained Pakistanis to Nab Terrorist But Military Coup Put an End to 1999 Plot. 18 Nov. 2007, https://web.archive.org/web/20160828011415/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/18/AR2007111800629.html.

“Clinton: Terrorism Not Just U.S. Problem.” Press and Sun-Bulletin, 22 Sept. 1998, www.newspapers.com/image/259866519/.

Felbab-Brown, Vanda. “Pipe Dreams: The Taliban and Drugs from the 1990s into Its New Regime.” Brookings, 15 Sep. 2021, https://www.brookings.edu/articles/pipe-dreams-the-taliban-and-drugs-from-the-1990s-into-its-new-regime.

Khan, Kamran, and Kenneth J. Cooper. “Muslim Militants Threaten American Lives.” The Washington Post, 7 Mar. 2019, https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/daily/march99/pakistan7.htm.

Loeb, Vernon. “Planned Jan. 2000 Attacks Failed or Were Thwarted; Plot Targeted U.S., Jordan, American Warship, Official Says.” The Washington Post, 24 Dec. 2000.

Macleod, Scott. “OSAMA BIN LADEN: THE PALADIN OF JIHAD.” Content.Time.Com, 6 May 1996, https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/printout/0,8816,984493,00.html.

McGirk, Tim, and Shomali Plain. “Lifting The Veil On Taliban Sex Slavery.” Time, 10 Feb. 2002, https://web.archive.org/web/20071220205826/https://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,201892,00.html.

Physicians For Human Rights. The Taliban’s War on Women. 1998.

Risen, James, and Benjamin Weiser. “Before Bombings, Omens and Fears.” The New York Times, 9 Jan. 1999, https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/world/africa/010999africa-bomb.html.

Rose, David. “The Osama Files.” Vanity Fair, Jan. 2002, https://web.archive.org/web/20141008210904/https://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2002/01/osama200201.

Tanter, Richard. Pipeline Politics: Oil, Gas And The US Interest In Afghanistan. 21 Nov. 2001, https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/pipeline-politics-oil-gas-and-the-us-interest-in-afghanistan/213804.

Tarock, Adam. “The Politics of the Pipeline: The Iran and Afghanistan Conflict.” Third World Quarterly, vol. 20, no. 4, 1999, pp. 801–819, https://www.jstor.org/stable/3993589.

The Associated Press. “Warning about Embassy Bombings Received 9 Months Beforehand.” The Facts, 1998, www.newspapers.com/image/14528933/.

“The 1998 East African Embassy Bombings.” Origins, 2 Aug. 2018, https://origins.osu.edu/milestones/august-2018-1998-east-african-embassy-bombings.

“The Trail Of Evidence - The U.S. Embassy Bombings Trial - A Summary - Hunting for Bin Laden.” FRONTLINE, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/bombings/bombings.html.

“Who Is Bin Laden? - Interview With Osama Bin Laden (in May 1998) - Hunting for Bin Laden.” FRONTLINE, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/interview.html.

Libya

Denyer, Simon. “Gaddafi’s Libya Reminds U.S. It Issued the First Bin Laden Arrest Warrant.” The Washington Post, 4 May 2011, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle-east/gaddafis-libya-reminds-us-it-issued-the-first-bin-laden-arrest-warrant/2011/05/04/AFLEJJqF_story.html.

“Farrakhan Denied $1 Billion From Libya.” Los Angeles Times, 29 Aug. 1996, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-08-29-mn-38706-story.html.

Associated Press. “Farrakhan in Libya for Gadhafi Human Rights Award.” The Macon Telegraph, 30 Aug. 1996, https://www.newspapers.com/image/848949838.

Fletcher, Michael A. “TREASURY DEPT. DENIES PERMISSION FOR FARRAKHAN GIFT FROM LIBYA.” The Washington Post, 29 Aug. 1996.

Schneider, Howard. “LIBYA’S GADHAFI SAYS HIS FUTURE IS AFRICAN.” The Washington Post, 4 Oct. 1998, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1998/10/04/libyas-gadhafi-says-his-future-is-african/be1b8b48-3639-442b-8c64-e1aabd36cfe4.

The Associated Press. “US, Libya Discuss Sanctions in First Talks in 18 Years.” The Urbana Daily Citizen, 12 June 1999, pp. 1, 8.

Dowdney, Mark. “Gaddafi Shot by Assasin.” Daily Mirror, 12 June 1998, p. 9.

Lewis, Raphael. “Libya Sanctions Eased as Pan Am Suspects Surrender.” The Record, 6 Apr. 1999, pp. 1, 26.

The Associated Press. “US, Libya Discuss Sanctions in First Talks in 18 Years.” The Urbana Daily Citizen, 12 June 1999, pp. 1, 8.

Liberia

Best, Kenneth Y. “What Were Liberians Thinking? How Did Charles Taylor Win Last Month’s Voting by Such a Large Margin?” Baltimore Sun, 3 Aug. 1997, https://www.baltimoresun.com/1997/08/03/what-were-liberians-thinking-how-did-charles-taylor-win-last-months-voting-by-such-a-large-margin.

“Charles Taylor ‘Gave Naomi Campbell Diamonds.’” BBC News, 9 Aug. 2010, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-10917347.

“Former US President Jimmy Carter Leads Carter Center Mission to Liberia.” ReliefWeb, 9 Jul. 1997, https://reliefweb.int/report/liberia/former-us-president-jimmy-carter-leads-carter-center-mission-liberia.

Harris, David. “From ‘Warlord’ to ‘Democratic’ President: How Charles Taylor Won the 1997 Liberian Elections.” The Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. 37, no. 3, 1999, pp. 431–455, https://www.jstor.org/stable/161872.

Noble, Kenneth B. “Teobly Journal; the Once-Mighty Cast Out: Liberia’s Fallen Tribe.” The New York Times, 8 Jan. 1991, www.nytimes.com/1991/01/08/world/teobly-journal-the-once-mighty-cast-out-liberia-s-fallen-tribe.html.

The Associated Press. “U.S. Embassy In Liberia Is Fired On.” The New York Times, 22 Sep. 1998, https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/22/world/us-embassy-in-liberia-is-fired-on.html.

“The Penitent Warlord: Atoning for 20,000 War Crimes.” ABC News, 2 Nov. 2013, abcnews.go.com/International/penitent-warlord-atoning-20000-war-crimes/story?id=20749940.

Niger and Nigeria

Archibong, Belinda and Francis Annan. “What Do Pfizer’s 1996 Drug Trials in Nigeria Teach Us about Vaccine Hesitancy?” Brookings, https://www.brookings.edu/articles/what-do-pfizers-1996-drug-trials-in-nigeria-teach-us-about-vaccine-hesitancy. 

“BBC News | Africa | Niger: A Copybook Coup D’etat.” News.bbc.co.uk, 9 Apr. 1999, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/315663.stm.

Journal News Services. “Dictator Dies of Heart Attack.” Edmonton Journal, 9 June 1998, p. 4.

“Abiola’s Death - an Eyewitness Account.” BBC News, 7 Jul. 1998, https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/128491.stm.

Boseley, Sarah, and health editor. “New Drug ‘Illegally Tested on Children.’” The Guardian, 17 Jan. 2001, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jan/17/sarahboseley.

Duke, Lynne. “SOFT-SPOKEN FARRAKHAN URGES S. AFRICANS TO PULL TOGETHER.” The Washington Post, 29 Jan. 1996, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1996/01/29/soft-spoken-farrakhan-urges-s-africans-to-pull-together/8818291a-1c3b-483d-bb0d-8be770e84b9e.

French, Howard W. “In Nigeria, a Strongman Tightens the Vise.” The New York Times, 31 Mar. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/31/world/in-nigeria-a-strongman-tightens-the-vise.html.

Hentoff, Nat. “Farrakhan Befriends Africa’s Oppressors.” Tampa Bay Times, 8 Apr. 1996, https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1996/04/08/farrakhan-befriends-africa-s-oppressors.

Lenzer, Jeanne. “Secret Report Surfaces Showing That Pfizer Was at Fault in Nigerian Drug Tests.” BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), vol. 332, no. 7552, BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 27 May 2006, pp. 1233–1233, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7552.1233-a.

McNeil, Donald G., Jr. “SOCCER;Politics Plays a Role At the African Cup.” The New York Times, 13 Jan. 1996, https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/13/sports/soccer-politics-plays-a-role-at-the-african-cup.html.

“Meningitis Hits Nigeria.” Dayton Daily News, 11 Feb. 1996, www.newspapers.com/image/408496920/.

Nigeria: Autopsy Results-Chief M.K.O. Abiola. Us Department of State, 11 Jul. 1998, https://1997-2001.state.gov/briefings/statements/1998/ps980711.html.

Pisani, Elizabeth. “Acting Early to Prevent AIDS: The Case of Senegal.” UNAIDS, June 1999, www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/una99-34_en_1.pdf.

“Regional Peacekeeping Force - 1999.” Peace Accords Matrix, https://peaceaccords.nd.edu/implementation/regional-peacekeeping-force-1999-5.

Reuters. “Niger Leader Assassinated, Apparently By His Guards.” The New York Times, 10 Apr. 1999, https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/10/world/niger-leader-assassinated-apparently-by-his-guards.html.

Stephens, Joe. “Where Profits and Lives Hang in Balance.” The Washington Post, 17 Dec. 2000, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/12/17/where-profits-and-lives-hang-in-balance/90b0c003-99ed-4fed-bb22-4944c1a98443.

Stephens, Joe, and Mary Pat Flaherty. “Regulation Of Overseas Drug Trials Is Pursued.” The Washington Post, 4 Aug. 2001, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/08/04/regulation-of-overseas-drug-trials-is-pursued/22ab7982-48d3-4d15-b261-949c2dc7dedd.

When Nigeria’s Super Eagles Stunned the World. International Olympic Committee, 27 Jun. 2023, https://www.olympics.com/en/news/when-nigerias-super-eagles-stunned-the-world.

“World: Africa President Mainassara: A Profile.” BBC News, 9 Apr. 1999, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/315840.stm.

The Congo, Uganda, and Rwanda

AP Archive. “RWANDA/UGANDA: US PRESIDENT CLINTON VISIT UPDATE.” YouTube, YouTube, 25 Mar. 1998, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJrJRGEEOK0.

Bennet, James. “CLINTON IN AFRICA: THE OVERVIEW; IN UGANDA, CLINTON EXPRESSES REGRET ON SLAVERY IN U.S.” The New York Times, 25 Mar. 1998, https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/25/world/clinton-africa-overview-uganda-clinton-expresses-regret-slavery-us.html.

Faul, Michelle. “A Second Rwanda Genocide Is Revealed in Congo.” NBC News, 10 Oct. 2010, https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna39603000.

French, Howard W. “In Zaire’s Unconventional War, Serbs Train Refugees for Combat.” The New York Times, 12 Feb. 1997, https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/12/world/in-zaire-s-unconventional-war-serbs-train-refugees-for-combat.html.

Harris, John F. “CLINTON SAYS U.S. WRONGED AFRICA.” The Washington Post, 25 Mar. 1998, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1998/03/25/clinton-says-us-wronged-africa/ca090cd0-bdb8-4e33-9dfc-e66fdc2e59b6.

International Crisis Group (ICG), Congo at War: A Briefing on the Internal and External Players in the Central African Conflict, 17 November 1998, https://www.refworld.org/reference/countryrep/icg/1998/en/95628 

McKinley, James C., Jr. “Uganda Leader Stands Tall in New African Order.” The New York Times, 15 Jun. 1997, https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/15/world/uganda-leader-stands-tall-in-new-african-order.html.

Meldrum, Andrew. “Class Is for Everyone.” The Guardian, 9 July 1997, www.newspapers.com/image/260741178/.

Reyntjens, Filip. “Briefing: The Second Congo War: More than a Remake.” African Affairs, vol. 98, no. 391, 1999, pp. 241–250, https://www.jstor.org/stable/723629.

Roessler, Philip. “Why Comrades Went to War in Congo.” Newsweek, 31 Dec. 2016, https://www.newsweek.com/how-dispute-between-friends-congo-sparked-africas-deadliest-war-534272.

Ryle, John. “A Sorry Apology from Clinton.” Guardian.Co.Uk, 3 Apr. 1998, https://www.theguardian.com/Columnists/Column/0,5673,234216,00.html.

“The Collapse of Zaire at the End of the First Congo War 1997.” Association for Diplomatic Studies & Training, 2017, https://adst.org/2017/10/collapse-zaire-end-first-congo-war-1997.

“The New York Times: Clinton’s Visit to Africa.” Archive.Nytimes.Com, https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/world/clinton-africa-index.html. 

“Uganda: March 23 to March 25, 1998 ·.” President Clinton’s Trip to Africa 1998 · Clinton Digital Library, https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/exhibits/show/africa-trip/africa1998-uganda.

Zimbabwe

Amani Trust. A Consolidated Report on The Food Riots 19-23 January 1998. Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum, 1999, https://ntjwg.uwazi.io/api/files/1549876818428yvn9f4rc37.pdf.

Committee to Protect Journalists, Attacks on the Press in 1999 - Zimbabwe, February 2000, https://www.refworld.org/reference/annualreport/cpj/2000/en/55633

Drogin, Bob. “Mugabe Anti-Gay Crusade Gathers Steam.” The San Francisco Examiner, 27 Aug. 1995, p. 23.

Shaw, Angus. “Banana Flees after Court’s Guilty Verdict.” The Independent, 27 Nov. 1998, p. 17..

Simpson, John. “Mugabe’s Torturers Fail to Silence the Seekers of Truth.” Sunday Telegraph, 24 Jan. 1999.

Allison, Simon. “Grace Mugabe: The Rags to Riches Rise and Fall of ‘Gucci Grace.’” The Guardian, 15 Nov. 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/15/grace-mugabe-the-rags-to-riches-rise-and-fall-of-gucci-grace.

Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. “Zimbabwe Report on Human Rights Practices for 1997.” US Department of State, 30 Jan. 1998, https://1997-2001.state.gov/global/human_rights/1997_hrp_report/zimbabwe.html.

“FAST TRACK LAND REFORM IN ZIMBABWE.” Human Rights Watch, 2002, https://www.hrw.org/reports/2002/zimbabwe/ZimLand0302-02.htm.

Logie, D. “AIDS Cuts Life Expectancy Insub-Saharan Africa by a Quarter.” BMJ, vol. 319, no. 7213, 25 Sept. 1999, pp. 806–806, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.319.7213.806.

Meldrum, Andrew and By Andrew Meldrum. “Mugabe ‘Foiled Officers’ Coup’.” The Guardian, 11 Jan. 1999, https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/jan/11/andrewmeldrum.

Mugabe and Unions on Collision Course. 20 Mar. 2002, https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1881995.stm.

Peta, Basildon. “Three Million in Strike against Mugabe ‘Tyranny.’” The Independent, 3 Jul. 2001, https://www.the-independent.com/news/world/africa/three-million-in-strike-against-mugabe-tyranny-9240233.html.

Reuters. “To Quell Riots, Zimbabwe Plans Price Controls on Basic Foods.” The New York Times, 22 Jan. 1998, https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/22/world/to-quell-riots-zimbabwe-plans-price-controls-on-basic-foods.html.

Regional Committee For Africa. HIV/AIDS Strategy in the African Region: A Framework for the Implementation. World Health Organization, 8 Mar. 2000.

“Staying Home.” The Economist, 5 Mar. 1998, https://www.economist.com/international/1998/03/05/staying-home.

The Associated Press. “Zimbabwe Leader Condemns Homosexuality.” The New York Times, 2 Aug. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/02/world/zimbabwe-leader-condemns-homosexuality.html.

The Spread of Homophobic Rhetoric in Southern Africa. Human Rights Watch, 2002, https://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/safrica/safriglhrc0303-02.htm.

“ZIMBABWEANS RIOT OVER RISING FOOD PRICES.” The Washington Post, 20 Jan. 1998, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/national/1998/01/20/zimbabweans-riot-over-rising-food-prices/165196e5-bfe9-4396-b556-7e186423222b.

“Zimbabwe’s Strike Continues.” BBC News, 4 Mar. 1998, https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/62014.stm.

South Africa

“Angeline Zwane’s Family Faces Eviction.” News24, 6 Sep. 2000, https://www.news24.com/news24/angeline-zwanes-family-faces-eviction-20000906.

Beresford, David and By David Beresford. “The Flawed Visionary of New Africa.” The Guardian, 9 Jan. 1999, https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/jan/09/davidberesford.

Dempster, Carolyn. “1994 - 99: The Mandela Years.” BBC News, 14 Jun. 1999, https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1999/05/99/south_africa_elections/353470.stm.

Drogin, Bob. “16 Blacks Break Color Barrier at South African School.” Los Angeles Times, 23 Feb. 1996, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-02-23-mn-39210-story.html.

Duke, Lynne. “SOFT-SPOKEN FARRAKHAN URGES S. AFRICANS TO PULL TOGETHER.” The Washington Post, 29 Jan. 1996, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1996/01/29/soft-spoken-farrakhan-urges-s-africans-to-pull-together/8818291a-1c3b-483d-bb0d-8be770e84b9e.

---. “SOUTH AFRICAN WHITES BOYCOTT MIXED SCHOOL.” The Washington Post, 23 Feb. 1996, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1996/02/23/south-african-whites-boycott-mixed-school/8f803bcc-e650-4188-94c1-2410123d2cd3.

Evans, Farrell. “How Nelson Mandela Used Rugby as a Symbol of South African Unity.” HISTORY, 29 Jul. 2021, https://www.history.com/articles/nelson-mandela-1995-rugby-world-cup-south-african-unity.

Facing the Past. PBS, 4 Dec. 1997, https://web.archive.org/web/20131219143523/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/africa/july-dec97/mandela_12-4a.html.

“History of Women’s Struggle in South Africa.” South African History Online, 21 Apr. 2011, https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/history-womens-struggle-south-africa.

Knight Riddler Newspapers. “Mandela Explains Decision.” News Journal, 11 Aug. 1998.

McGreal, Chris. “Discontented Whites Pin Hopes on ‘Liberal.’” The Guardian, 4 Jun. 1999, https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/jun/04/chrismcgreal.

Murphy, Dean E. “S. African Troops Ignite Fierce Fight in Lesotho.” Los Angeles Times, 23 Sep. 1998, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-sep-23-mn-25634-story.html.

“Nelson Mandela’s Foreign Policy Triumph Was to Stand against the.” The Independent, https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/nelson-mandela-s-foreign-policy-triumph-was-to-stand-against-the-west-9023120.html. 

Cooke, Rachel. “Blair’s Babes 10 Years On.” The Guardian, 22 Apr. 2007, www.theguardian.com/politics/2007/apr/22/women.labour1.“Judge Ends Straw Fiasco.” The Guardian, 3 Jan. 1998, www.theguardian.com/politics/1998/jan/03/immigrationpolicy.

Pidd, Helen. “Will Straw: “I Don’t Want Special Treatment. I Want to Prove Myself.”” The Guardian, The Guardian, 4 May 2014, www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/may/04/will-straw-mp-labour-jack-straw-interview.

“School Integrated in South Africa.” Newsday, 23 Feb. 1996, www.newspapers.com/image/725783767/.

Simpson, Thula. History of South Africa: 1902 to the Present. New York, Oxford University Press, 2022, pp. 375-392.

Statistics South Africa. The People of South Africa Population Census, 1996. 1996.

Storen, James, and Nina Dannaoui-Johnson. “Thirty Years of South African Democracy, Visualized.” Atlantic Council, 24 May 2024, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/thirty-years-of-south-african-democracy-visualized.

Thompson, Leonard. “Mbeki’s Uphill Challenge.” Foreign Affairs, vol. 78, no. 6, JSTOR, 1999, p. 83, https://doi.org/10.2307/20049534.

Tribune, Chicago. “S. AFRICAN INFANT’S SLAYING MOURNED.” Chicago Tribune, 22 Apr. 1998, https://www.chicagotribune.com/1998/04/22/s-african-infants-slaying-mourned.

Vincent, Louise. “Polls Apart: South African Women and the 1999 General Election.” Issue, vol. 27, no. 2, JSTOR, 1999, pp. 31–36, https://doi.org/10.2307/1166480.

Williams, Christopher. “Political Imperatives and Military Preparations: New Insights into Why South Africa’s 1998 Intervention in Lesotho Went Awry.” South African Journal of International Affairs, vol. 26, no. 1, Informa UK Limited, 2 Jan. 2019, pp. 25–51, https://doi.org/10.1080/10220461.2019.1585282.

---. “South Africa’s Efforts to Stabilise Lesotho Have Failed. Less Intervention May Be More Effective.” The Conversation, 5 May 2020, https://theconversation.com/south-africas-efforts-to-stabilise-lesotho-have-failed-less-intervention-may-be-more-effective-137499.

The Associated Press. “Nelson, Winnie Mandela Divorce.” Standard-Freeholder, 20 Mar. 1996, www.newspapers.com/image/1062177031/.

Cuba

Bohlen, Celestine. “THE POPE IN CUBA: THE OVERVIEW; Pope, Openly Challenging Castro, Is Pressing for Release of Prisoners.” The New York Times, 25 Jan. 1998, https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/25/world/pope-cuba-overview-pope-openly-challenging-castro-pressing-for-release-prisoners.html.

“Congresswoman Maxine Waters’ Letter to President Fidel Castro on Assata Shakur.” BLACK CENTRAL, 5 May 2013, https://goblackcentral.com/2013/05/maxine-waters.

Collier, Robert. “Pope Steps into Cuba -- and History.” SFGATE, 22 Jan. 1998, www.sfgate.com/news/article/Pope-Steps-Into-Cuba-And-History-3014941.php.

Corr, Anders. No Trespassing!: Squatting, Rent Strikes, and Land Struggles Worldwide. South End Press, 1999, https://books.google.com/books?id=OO-PpzGGMK0C&dq=squatters+havana&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q=squatters%20havana&f=false.

“Cuba - 1996-1997 School Year Opens with Optimism.” YouTube, AP News, 21 Jul. 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ruuve2XJjOQ.

“Cuba Frees Man Who Participated in 1997 Attacks on Hotels in Havana, Orchestrated by Cuban Exiles.” AP News, 31 Dec. 2024, https://apnews.com/article/cuba-1997-hotel-attacks-salvadoran-freed-f14bba8a83cd4ee5e0944b37f2445e63.

Davidson, Phil. “Cuba’s American Refugees.” The Independent, 1 May 1998, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/cuba-s-american-refugees-1162033.html.

“DOWNING OF PLANES SOVEREIGN ACT IN DEFENCE OF BORDERS, CUBA TELLS GENERAL ASSEMBLY.” Meetings Coverage and Press Releases, https://press.un.org/en/1996/19960306.ga9052.r1.html.

“Jet Hijacker Identified: Ex-Panther in Shootout.” Oakland Tribune, 21 Jun. 1969, https://www.newspapers.com/image/527829462.

Kozameh, Sara. “How Cuba Survived and Surprised in a Post-Soviet World.” Jacobin.Com, 30 Jan. 2021, https://jacobin.com/2021/01/we-are-cuba-review-socialism-soviet-union.

Moore, Molly. “POPE CRITICIZES U.S. EMBARGO.” The Washington Post, 24 Jan. 1998, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1998/01/24/pope-criticizes-us-embargo/2a3586db-00e2-41ce-b4a8-7a2834f3469f.

“Pope Francis in Cuba: ‘The World Needs Reconciliation in This Atmosphere of a Third World War.’” Cuba-Solidarity.Org.Uk, https://cuba-solidarity.org.uk/news/article/2853/pope-francis-in-cuba-quotthe-world-needs-reconciliation-in-this-atmosphere-of-a-third-world-warquot. 

Rohter, Larry. “Cuba’s Unwanted Refugees: Squatters in Havana’s Teeming Shantytowns.” The New York Times, 20 Oct. 1997, https://www.nytimes.com/1997/10/20/world/cuba-s-unwanted-refugees-squatters-in-havana-s-teeming-shantytowns.html.

---. “Havana Journal;25 Years an Exile: An Old Black Panther Sums Up.” The New York Times, 9 Apr. 1996, https://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/09/world/havana-journal-25-years-an-exile-an-old-black-panther-sums-up.html.

Shakur, Assata. A Letter to the Pope, Havana Cuba. assatashakur.org, Mar. 1998.

The Associated Press. “Cuban Exiles Urging Revenge.” Newspapers.Com, 26 Feb. 1996, https://www.newspapers.com/image/179333942.

Waters, Maxine. “Congresswoman Waters Issues Statement on U.S. Freedom Fighter Assata Shakur.” Www.Hartford-Hwp.Com, 29 Sep. 1998, http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/45a/089.html.

Haiti

Committee to Protect Journalists, Attacks on the Press in 1999 - Haiti, February 2000, https://www.refworld.org/reference/annualreport/cpj/2000/en/55799 

Freed, Kenneth. “Haiti Privatization Plan Has Many Foes : Caribbean: Aristide’s Proposal to Sell Money-Losing State Enterprises Is a Dramatic Reversal for the President.” Los Angeles Times, 5 Apr. 1995, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-04-05-mn-51135-story.html.

Greste, Peter. “Haiti Goes to the Polls.” BBC News, 9 May 2000, https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/737270.stm.

“Haiti.” New Internationalist, 5 Sep. 1999, https://newint.org/features/1999/09/05/profile.

“Haiti Briefing 17: Between the Peasants and the Donors.” The Haiti Support Group Briefing, https://haitisupportgroup.org/download/haiti-briefing-17-peasants-donors. 

Haiti Briefing Archives. https://haitisupportgroup.org/tag/haiti-briefing.

“Haiti: Restoring a Democracy.” Clinton Digital Library, https://clinton.presidentiallibraries.us/haiti-topic-guide.

“Haiti’s Turbulent Political History.” A Timeline, 7 Jul. 2021, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/7/7/haitis-turbulent-political-history-a-timeline.

Pierre-Pierre, Garry. “Many in Haiti Are Troubled By Marriage Of Aristide.” The New York Times, 21 Jan. 1996, https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/21/world/many-in-haiti-are-troubled-by-marriage-of-aristide.html.

Rohter, Larry. “Haiti’s Premier Quits, Saying Aristide Forces Undermined Him.” The New York Times, 10 Jun. 1997, https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/10/world/haiti-s-premier-quits-saying-aristide-forces-undermined-him.html.

---. “Privatization Starts Feud In Haiti.” The New York Times, 19 Oct. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/19/world/privatization-starts-feud-in-haiti.html.

Sanon, Evens. “Rene Preval, Haitian President during 2010 Earthquake, Dies at 74.” The Washington Post, 3 Mar. 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/rene-preval-haitian-president-during-2010-earthquake-dies-at-74/2017/03/03/64247e42-0050-11e7-99b4-9e613afeb09f_story.html.

Mexico

Bennet, James. “Clinton and Mexico Chief Pledge Joint Effort on Border and Drugs.” The New York Times, 7 May 1997, https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/07/world/clinton-and-mexico-chief-pledge-joint-effort-on-border-and-drugs.html.

Blustein, Paul. “MEXICO TO PAY BACK U.S. LOAN EARLY.” The Washington Post, 16 Jan. 1997, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1997/01/16/mexico-to-pay-back-us-loan-early/c06f67eb-d7a2-4381-8739-d2425fdf469a.

“Breaking the Silence: The Mexican Army and the 1997 Acteal Massacre.” Nsarchive2.Gwu.Edu, https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB283/index.htm. 

Buchanan, Susy. “Government Apologizes for Its Role in Acteal Massacre of 1997.” Mexico News Daily, 4 Sep. 2020, https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/government-apologizes-for-its-role-in-acteal-massacre.

“Chiapas Update: On The Road To Peace?” Agenda, May 1995, https://aadl.org/node/249693.

“Clinton Bails out Mexico, Jan. 31, 1995.” POLITICO, 31 Jan. 2019, https://www.politico.com/story/2019/01/31/this-day-in-politics-jan-31-1995-1129932.

“Clinton, Zedillo Talk.” CNN, 6 May 1997, https://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1997/05/06/clinton.mexico.

“Death in Chiapas.” The New York Times, 25 Dec. 1997, https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/25/opinion/death-in-chiapas.html.

Devaluation and Mexico to US Migration - Migration News. University of California Davis, Feb. 1995, https://migration.ucdavis.edu/mn/more.php?id=553.

Friedman, Alan and International Herald Tribune. “For Its Loans, Mexico Will Pay A Weighty Price in Sovereignty : The Rescue of the Peso:A Humbling Experience.” The New York Times, 2 Feb. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/02/IHT-for-its-loans-mexico-will-pay-a-weighty-price-in-sovereignty-the-rescue.html.

Kennis, Andrew. “Narco News: Ten Years Later, It’s Time to Recognize the U.S. Government’s Responsibility for Acteal.” The Narco News Bulletin, 30 Dec. 1997, https://narconews.com/Issue48/article2948.html.

Lacey, Marc. “10 Years Later, Chiapas Massacre Still Haunts Mexico.” The New York Times, 23 Dec. 2007, https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/23/world/americas/23acteal.html.

“Mexican Tourism Industry Rebounds.” UPI, 6 Feb. 1995, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/02/06/Mexican-tourism-industry-rebounds/3507792046800.

“Net Migration from Mexico Falls to Zero—and Perhaps Less.” Pew Research Center, 23 Apr. 2012, https://www.pewresearch.org/race-and-ethnicity/2012/04/23/net-migration-from-mexico-falls-to-zero-and-perhaps-less.

Sanger, David E. “Mexico Repays Bailout by U.S. Ahead of Time.” The New York Times, 16 Jan. 1997, https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/16/business/mexico-repays-bailout-by-us-ahead-of-time.html.

The Associated Press. “Massacre Victims Buried.” Newspapers.Com, 26 Dec. 1997, https://www.newspapers.com/image/858785802.

“Timeline: U.S.-Mexico Relations.” Council on Foreign Affairs, https://www.cfr.org/timeline/us-mexico-relations.

Central America Miscellaneous 

Augier, Fabien. “Nicaragua, Chronicle of a Lost Revolution.” Risal.Collectifs.Net, 31 Oct. 2006, https://risal.collectifs.net/spip.php?article1944.

“Central America After Hurricane Mitch - Central America.” Www.Iadb.Org, Consultative Group For The Reconstruction and Transformation of Central America, May 2000, https://web.archive.org/web/20051219115619/https://www.iadb.org/regions/re2/consultative_group/backgrounder1.htm.

“Hurricane Mitch - Migration News.” Migration Dialogue, Feb. 1999, https://migration.ucdavis.edu/mn/more.php?id=1721.

Jones, Bart. “Miss Universe-Turned-Politician Wows Voters.” Los Angeles Times, 11 Feb. 1996, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-02-11-mn-34693-story.html.

Millard, Peter, et al. A Timeline of Venezuela’s Economic Rise and Fall. 26 Feb. 2019, https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2019-venezuela-key-events.

Socorro, Milagros. “Luna 1 Was Its Code Name for the Police.” Prodavinci, 19 Jul. 2020, https://prodavinci.com/luna-1-era-su-nombre-en-clave-para-la-policia-1.

“Venezuela.” 1999, https://web.archive.org/web/20160728033454/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/1999/venezuela.

Colombia

Brodzinsky, Sibylla. “Coca-Cola Boycott Launched after Killings at Colombian Plants.” The Guardian, 24 Jul. 2003, https://www.theguardian.com/media/2003/jul/24/marketingandpr.colombia.

Brooke, James. “Crackdown Has Cali Drug Cartel on the Run.” The New York Times, 27 Jun. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/27/world/crackdown-has-cali-drug-cartel-on-the-run.html.

“Coke’s Crimes in Colombia.” Killer Coke, https://killercoke.org/crimes_colombia.php.

“Colombia: The Coca-Cola Controversy.” PBS, 2005, https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/fellows/colombia0106/index.html.

“Colombian Workers Strike to Fight Austerity, Increase Wages, 1997.” Global Nonviolent Action Database, https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/colombian-workers-strike-fight-austerity-increase-wages-1997. 

Darling, Juanita. “Colombia’s Public Unions Strike as Embattled President Loses Backing.” Los Angeles Times, 12 Feb. 1997, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-02-12-mn-27934-story.html.

Farah, Douglas. “U.S.-BOGOTA: WHAT WENT WRONG? THIS IS A DECERTIFICATION NOT OF COLOMBIA, BUT OF PRESIDENT SAMPER’.” The Washington Post, 3 Mar. 1996, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1996/03/03/us-bogota-what-went-wrong-this-is-a-decertification-not-of-colombia-but-of-president-samper/d46219cd-2c84-4eef-b041-632121cddab0.

Fear for Safety / Possible Extrajudicial Execution. Amnesty International, 21 Oct. 1998, https://www.amnesty.org/fr/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/amr230801998en.pdf.

Kempster, Norman. “Clinton Spares Colombia From Sanctions Despite Drug Links : Narcotics: President Tells Congress That National Interest Requires Waiver. Republicans Call for Penalties.” Los Angeles Times, 2 Mar. 1995, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-03-02-mn-37877-story.html.

Krauss, Clifford. “THE WORLD; One Cartel Dies and the Drugs Go On.” The New York Times, 13 Aug. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/13/weekinreview/the-world-one-cartel-dies-and-the-drugs-go-on.html.

Krauss, Clifford, and Douglas Frantz. “CALI DRUG CARTEL USING U.S. BUSINESS TO LAUNDER CASH.” The New York Times, 30 Oct. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/30/nyregion/cali-drug-cartel-using-us-business-to-launder-cash.html.

L. A. Times Archives. “WORLD IN BRIEF : COLOMBIA : Samper Aide Seized; Scandal Deepens.” Los Angeles Times, 28 Jul. 1995, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-07-28-mn-28949-story.html.

“Money Laundering down in Colombia - UPI Archives.” UPI, 30 Oct. 1995, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/10/30/Money-laundering-down-in-Colombia/7622815029200.

Reuters. “Colombia Leader’s Aide Sentenced for Corruption.” The New York Times, 11 Aug. 1996, https://www.nytimes.com/1996/08/11/world/colombia-leader-s-aide-sentenced-for-corruption.html.

---. “Heroin Found Aboard Colombia President’s Jet.” Los Angeles Times, 22 Sep. 1996, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-09-22-mn-46622-story.html.

Rosa, Rosin De, and Soledad Galiana. “Colombia: Where Joining a Union Means Risking Death.” An Phoblacht, 29 Nov. 2001, https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/8142.

“World Union Protests Over Colombian Murders.” IndustriALL, 12 Aug. 2005, https://www.industriall-union.org/archive/icem/world-union-protests-over-colombian-murders.

Peru

Fujimori Signs Amnesty Law. cultura.pe, Jun. 1995, https://lum.cultura.pe/cdi/sites/default/files/documento/pdf/1203.pdf.

“PERU: LIMA: HOSTAGE CRISIS COMES TO DRAMATIC END.” AP Archive, YouTube, 21 Jul. 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3yWuzIeurg.

“Peru University Takeover Protests Grow.” UPI, 26 May 1995, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/05/26/Peru-university-takeover-protests-grow/2710801460800.

“Peru’s First Lady Ends Hunger Strike Peoresr.” Rocky Mount Telegram, 24 Jan. 1995, https://www.newspapers.com/image/338239747.

“Peru’s Fujimori Defends Amnesty Law.” UPI, 21 Jun. 1995, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/06/21/Perus-Fujimori-defends-amnesty-law/9298803707200.

“Rebels Suspected as Car Bomb Kills 4 at Hotel in Peru.” Los Angeles Times, 25 May 1995, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-05-25-mn-5896-story.html.

Schemo, Diana Jean. “How Peruvian Hostage Crisis Became Trip Into the Surreal.” The New York Times, 26 Apr. 1997, https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/26/world/how-peruvian-hostage-crisis-became-trip-into-the-surreal.html.

Sims, Calvin. “Fujimori Wins 5 More Years At Peru Helm.” The New York Times, 11 Apr. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/11/world/fujimori-wins-5-more-years-at-peru-helm.html.

---. “Peru and Rebels Open Talks to End the Siege.” The New York Times, 12 Feb. 1997, https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/12/world/peru-and-rebels-open-talks-to-end-the-siege.html.

Brazil

“Brazil’s Surgical Quest for Beauty.” 60 Minutes, CBS, 1998, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/60-minutes-overtime-brazils-surgical-quest-for-beauty.

Brooke, James. “Rio Journal; Brazil’s Idol Is a Blonde, and Some Ask ‘Why?’” The New York Times, 31 Jul. 1990, https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/31/world/rio-journal-brazil-s-idol-is-a-blonde-and-some-ask-why.html.

Gnerre, Sam. “Sound Check: Notes.” News-Pilot, 3 Jan. 1997, https://www.newspapers.com/image/608513327.

Ionova, Ana. “She Was Brazil’s Barbie. Now She’s Saying Sorry.” The New York Times, 15 Aug. 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/15/world/americas/brazil-barbie-xuxa.html.

Minorities at Risk Project, Chronology for Afro-Brazilians in Brazil, 2004, available at: https://www.refworld.org/docid/469f386e130.html 

Schemo, Diana Jean. “Sao Paulo Journal; the Elevator Doesn’t Lie: Intolerance in Brazil.” The New York Times, 30 Aug. 1995, www.nytimes.com/1995/08/30/world/sao-paulo-journal-the-elevator-doesn-t-lie-intolerance-in-brazil.html.

Schemo, Diana Jean. “Sao Paulo Journal; The Elevator Doesn’t Lie: Intolerance in Brazil.” The New York Times, 30 Aug. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/30/world/sao-paulo-journal-the-elevator-doesn-t-lie-intolerance-in-brazil.html.

Singer, Natasha. “Ivo Pitanguy, Plastic Surgeon to the Stars and a Celebrity Himself, Dies at 93.” The New York Times, 8 Aug. 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/08/obituaries/dr-ivo-pitanguy-pioneering-brazilian-plastic-surgeon-dies-at-93.html.

Tribune, Chicago. “BRAZILIAN TV REVEALS A BIT TOO MUCH, RISKS REGULATION.” Chicago Tribune, 18 Jul. 1995, https://www.chicagotribune.com/1995/07/18/brazilian-tv-reveals-a-bit-too-much-risks-regulation.

---. “JET-SETTING CELEBS AND THE DISFIGURED POOR OF RIO AGREE THAT PLASTIC SURGER IVO PITANGUY IS.” Chicago Tribune, 23 May 1995, https://www.chicagotribune.com/1995/05/23/jet-setting-celebs-and-the-disfigured-poor-of-rio-agree-that-plastic-surger-ivo-pitanguy-is.

Pinochet

Human Rights Watch. “The Pinochet Precedent | How Victims Can Pursue Human Rights Criminals Abroad.” Human Rights Watch, Nov. 1998, www.hrw.org/report/1998/11/01/pinochet-precedent/how-victims-can-pursue-human-rights-criminals-abroad.

India

Acharya, Shankar. “India: Crisis, Reforms and Growth in the Nineties.” King Center on Global Development, Stanford, Jul. 2002, https://kingcenter.stanford.edu/publications/working-paper/india-crisis-reforms-and-growth-nineties.

Ali, Tariq. “From the Archive, 29 May 1998: Fury at Pakistan’s Nuclear Tests.” The Guardian, 29 May 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/29/pakistan-nuclear-tests-india-1998.

Pace, Eric. “Mother Teresa, Hope of the Despairing, Dies at 87.” The New York Times, 6 Sept. 1997, www.nytimes.com/1997/09/06/world/mother-teresa-hope-of-the-despairing-dies-at-87.html.

“Pakistan Says Was Forced to Test Nukes in 1998 Due to ‘hostile Posturing’ by India.” The Economic Times, 27 May 2018, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/pakistan-says-was-forced-to-test-nukes-in-1998-due-to-hostile-posturing-by-india/articleshow/64345303.cms?from=mdr.

Rothman, Lily. “Read TIME’s Original 1997 Report on Mother Teresa’s Death.” Time, 5 Sept. 2017, time.com/4926942/mother-teresa-death-report-obituary/.

“The Pattern of Abuse: Rural Violence in Bihar and the State’s Response.” Human Rights Watch, 1999, https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/india/India994-06.htm.

“Two Decades Later, Will Ranvir Sena Massacres Change How Victims’ Families Vote?” The Wire, https://thewire.in/politics/elections-2019-bihar-ranvir-sena. 

Thailand

“BBC NEWS | Special Report | 1997 | Asian Economic Woes | Could the Asian Crisis Turn into a Global Slump?” BBC, 28 Jan. 1998, news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1997/asian_economic_woes/35184.stm.

Ellis, Luci, and Eleanor Lewis. “Appendix A: Chronology of Major Events in the Asian Crisis.” Research Discussion Papers, no. December, 2001, https://www.rba.gov.au/publications/rdp/2001/2001-03/appendix-a.html.

“How the Financial Crisis Could Affect You.” BBC News, 28 Jan. 1998, https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1997/asian_economic_woes/34514.stm.

“Lessons Learnt from the Asian Financial Crisis.” Bank of Thailand, https://www.bot.or.th/en/our-roles/special-measures/Tom-Yum-Kung-lesson.html.

“The Asian Financial Crisis and Its Aftermath.” Autentic, 2022, https://www.autentic.com/63/pid/1323/The-Asian-Financial-Crisis-and-its-Aftermath.htm.

“Timeline Of The Crash.” PBS, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/crash/etc/cron.html.

Indonesia and Philippines 

Agence France Presse. “APSN.” Habibie Issues Anti-Discrimination Ruling, Asia Pacific Solidarity Network, 15 Oct. 1998, https://www.asia-pacific-solidarity.net/index.php/news/1998-10-15/habibie-issues-anti-discrimination-ruling.html.

“At Least 150 Are Killed in Disco Fire in Manila.” The New York Times, 19 Mar. 1996, https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/19/world/at-least-150-are-killed-in-disco-fire-in-manila.html.

“Eradicating Racism.” South China Morning Post, 15 May 1999, https://www.scmp.com/article/282107/eradicating-racism.

Erlangga, Ardyan M. “The May 98 Riots Claimed 200 Lives in a Single Fire. Here’s What They Left Behind.” VICE, 15 May 2017, https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-may-98-riots-claimed-200-lives-in-a-single-fire-heres-what-they-left-behind.

Glionna, John M. “In Indonesia, 1998 Violence against Ethnic Chinese Remains Unaddressed.” Los Angeles Times, 4 Jul. 2010, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-jul-04-la-fg-indonesia-chinese-20100704-story.html.

Indonesia Election: An “impossible” Country Tests Its Hard-Won Democracy. 10 Feb. 2024, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-68213679.

“Human Rights in Indonesia.” Human Rights Watch, 7 May 1998, www.hrw.org/news/1998/05/07/human-rights-indonesia.

“Indonesia Scraps Ban on Chinese Language Teaching.” Tehran Times, 7 May 1999, https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/35702/Indonesia-Scraps-Ban-on-Chinese-Language-Teaching.

Landler, Mark. “UNREST IN INDONESIA: THE OVERVIEW; Indonesian Capital Engulfed by Rioting.” The New York Times, 15 May 1998, https://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/15/world/unrest-in-indonesia-the-overview-indonesian-capital-engulfed-by-rioting.html.

Mydans, Seth. “Suharto Steps down after 32 Years in Power.” The New York Times, 21 May 1998, archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/world/asia/052198indonesia.html.

“Peranakan or Not, the Chinese Must Rot: The 1998 Riots in Indonesia.” Afakv’s Memories, 12 May 2022, https://afakv.home.blog/2022/05/12/peranakan-or-not-the-chinese-must-rot-the-1998-riots-in-indonesia.

Shenon, Philip. “UNREST IN INDONESIA: THE POLICY; As Strife Grips Indonesia, U.S. Asks Citizens to Leave and Delays Aid Payment.” The New York Times, 15 May 1998, https://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/15/world/unrest-indonesia-policy-strife-grips-indonesia-us-asks-citizens-leave-delays-aid.html.

“U.S. Sought to Preserve Close Ties to Indonesian Military as It Terrorized East Timor in Runup to 1999 Independence Referendum.” National Security Archive, https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/indonesia/2019-08-28/us-sought-preserve-close-ties-indonesian-military-it-terrorized-east-timor-runup-1999-independence. 

“WORLD NEWS BRIEFS;Philippine Court Upholds Seat for Imelda Marcos.” The New York Times, 26 Oct. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/26/world/world-news-briefs-philippine-court-upholds-seat-for-imelda-marcos.html.

Japan

Barr, Cameron W. “Japan’s Media Avoid Showing Race of US Rape Suspects.” Christian Science Monitor, 26 Oct. 1995, https://www.csmonitor.com/1995/1026/26012.html.

“Ex-Marine Convicted in Okinawa Kills Student, Self.” Asheville Citizen-Times, 29 Aug. 2006, https://www.newspapers.com/image/198954424.

French, Howard W. “Japan’s Troubling Trend: Rising Teen-Age Crime.” The New York Times, 12 Oct. 1999, https://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/12/world/japan-s-troubling-trend-rising-teen-age-crime.html.

Hernon, Matthew. “Japan Back Then: The Stories That Gripped the Nation in the 1990s.” Tokyo Weekender, 13 Jan. 2021, https://www.tokyoweekender.com/art_and_culture/japanese-culture/japan-back-then-the-stories-that-gripped-the-nation-in-the-1990s.

“In Okinawa Rape Trial, a Plea From 2 Mothers.” The New York Times, 28 Dec. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/28/world/in-okinawa-rape-trial-a-plea-from-2-mothers.html.

INOUE, MASAMICHI S. Okinawa and the U.S. Military: Identity Making in the Age of Globalization. Columbia University Press, 2007. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.7312/inou13890. Accessed 2 Aug. 2025.

Jordan, Mary. “OKINAWA REJECTS OFFSHORE HELIPORT INTENDED FOR USE BY U.S. MILITARY.” The Washington Post, 7 Feb. 1998, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1998/02/07/okinawa-rejects-offshore-heliport-intended-for-use-by-us-military/070a5e31-fdc6-49b4-ab13-60af6ce071cd.

Kageyama, Yuri. “Japan Weighs Tougher Juvenile Crime Laws.” Los Angeles Times, 24 May 1998, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-may-24-mn-52940-story.html.

Kristof, Nicholas D. “14-Year-Old Arrested in Japan for the Brutal Slaying of a Child.” The New York Times, 29 Jun. 1997, https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/29/world/14-year-old-arrested-in-japan-for-the-brutal-slaying-of-a-child.html.

LARIMER, TIM. “Death Knell.” TIME, 18 Jun. 2001, https://time.com/archive/6678205/death-knell.

Lee, Mary. “Sailor Pleads Guilty in Okinawa Rape.” CNN, 7 Nov. 1995, https://web.archive.org/web/20080119111035/https://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9511/japan_rape/pm/index.html.

---. “Thousands Rally against U.S. Bases.” Edition.Cnn.Com, 21 Oct. 1995, https://web.archive.org/web/20210611055447/https://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9510/okinawa_protest/index.html.

Molotsky, Irvin. “Admiral Has to Quit Over His Comments On Okinawa Rape.” The New York Times, 18 Nov. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/18/world/admiral-has-to-quit-over-his-comments-on-okinawa-rape.html.

“Okinawa Rape Suspect’s Lawyer Gives Dark Account : Japan: Attorney of Accused Marine Says Co-Defendant Admitted Assaulting 12-Year-Old Girl ‘Just for Fun.’” Los Angeles Times, 28 Oct. 1995, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-10-28-mn-62075-story.html.

“Police ID Ex-Marine as Killer of Student.” The Atlanta Constitution, 23 Aug. 2006, https://www.newspapers.com/image/423173132.

“Police Say Ex-Marine with Violent Past Kills Student, Then Himself.” Https://Www.Wistv.Com, 23 Aug. 2006, https://www.wistv.com/story/5312945/police-say-ex-marine-with-violent-past-kills-student-then-himself.

Smothers, Ronald. “Accused Marines’ Kin Incredulous.” The New York Times, 6 Nov. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/06/world/accused-marines-kin-incredulous.html.

Strom, Stephanie. “In Japan, Mired in Recession, Suicides Soar.” The New York Times, 15 Jul. 1999, https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/15/world/in-japan-mired-in-recession-suicides-soar.html.

Watanabe, Teresa. “U.S., Japan OK Pact on Military Crime Suspects.” Los Angeles Times, 26 Oct. 1995, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-10-26-mn-61240-story.html.

“Wife Pleads Marine’s Case in Okinawa Rape Trial : Justice: Spouse Says Her Husband, Accused in Brutal Attack on Schoolgirl, Is a Gentle and Intelligent Man.” Los Angeles Times, 5 Dec. 1995, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-12-05-mn-10474-story.html.

North and South Korea

“A Brief History of K-Pop.” The Los Angeles Film School, 6 Apr. 2021, https://www.lafilm.edu/blog/a-brief-history-of-kpop.

Huber, Caroline. “The Rise of K-Pop, and What It Reveals about Society and Culture.” Yale News, 21 Aug. 2023, https://news.yale.edu/2023/08/21/rise-k-pop-and-what-it-reveals-about-society-and-culture.

North Korea: Residents Tell BBC of Neighbours Starving to Death. 14 Jun. 2023, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-65881803.

“North Korea’s Transformation: Famine, Aid and Markets.” Human Rights Watch, 15 Apr. 2008, https://www.hrw.org/news/2008/04/15/north-koreas-transformation-famine-aid-and-markets.

Weissmann, Jordan. “How Kim Jong Il Starved North Korea.” The Atlantic, 20 Dec. 2011, https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/12/how-kim-jong-il-starved-north-korea/250244.

Hong Kong, Taiwan, and China

Chen, David W. “Taiwan’s President Tiptoes Around Politics at Cornell.” The New York Times, 10 Jun. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/10/world/taiwan-s-president-tiptoes-around-politics-at-cornell.html.

“China Denies Using Prison Labor for Export Goods - UPI Archives.” UPI, 18 Apr. 1991, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/04/18/China-denies-using-prison-labor-for-export-goods/3055671947200.

“Clinton and Chinese Pres. Jiang at Arrival Ceremony.” State Department, 29 Oct. 1997, https://1997-2001.state.gov/regions/eap/971029_clinton_china1.html.

Cook, Sarah. “‘In July 1999, the CCP Created Exactly What It Had Feared.’” The Diplomat, 19 Jul. 2019, https://thediplomat.com/2019/07/in-july-1999-the-ccp-created-exactly-what-it-had-feared.

Gargan, Edward A. “Taiwan Enthralled by President’s ‘Private’ U.S. Trip.” The New York Times, 8 Jun. 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/08/world/taiwan-enthralled-by-president-s-private-us-trip.html.

“HELMS: CHINA TAKES ORGANS FROM EXECUTED PRISONERS.” Greensboro News and Record, 4 May 1995, https://greensboro.com/helms-china-takes-organs-from-executed-prisoners/article_2bf9ea09-01d2-5500-a643-3aa05fb4558d.html.

Honfzhi, Li. A Brief Statement Of Mine. 22 Jul. 1999, https://en.minghui.org/emh/download/publications/peacereport_statement.html.

“Hong Kong and Tibet.” Origins, 9 Jul. 1997, https://origins.osu.edu/history-news/hong-kong-and-tibet.

“Hong Kong’s Freedoms: What China Promised and How It’s Cracking Down.” Council on Foreign Relations, https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/hong-kong-freedoms-democracy-protests-china-crackdown. 

“How Hong Kong Handover Blinded Media to Story of the Decade.” Keith Richburg, 1 Jul. 2017, https://www.keithrichburg.com/how-hong-kong-handover-blinded-media-to-story-of-the-decade.

Kwasny, Lisa, and Kaspar Keller. “When Adolf Ogi Appeased Jiang Zemin with a Rock Crystal.” Der Bund, 14 Nov. 2023, https://www.derbund.ch/staatsbesuche-in-bern-als-adolf-ogi-jiang-zemin-mit-einem-bergkristall-besaenftigte-796166668592.

“LEE’S U.S. VISIT AND CHINA’S RESPONSE”. Yusof Ishak Institute, 2001, pp. 24–35, https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/chinas-dilemma/lees-us-visit-and-chinas-response/0C2D22BC77A5A9162C77D03D9B436869.

Liu, Samuel. “Public Opinion on Hong Kong’s Precarious Future in 1997.” ROPER CENTER, 1 Dec. 2014, https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/blog/public-opinion-hong-kongs-precarious-future-1997.

Minxi, Zhou. “How Hong Kong Survived the 1998 Financial Crisis.” News.cgtn.com, 14 Aug. 2019, news.cgtn.com/news/2019-08-14/How-Hong-Kong-survived-the-1998-financial-crisis-J9lwvZrsNq/index.html.

“Photos: How China Erupted into Anti-American Rage 20 Years Ago.” Quartz, 8 May 2019, https://qz.com/1614273/photos-anti-us-protests-after-bombing-of-belgrade-chinese-embassy-in-1999.

South China Morning Post. “The Evolution of Hong Kong History from Colony to Powerhouse.” SCMP, https://multimedia.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/evolution-hong-kong/index.html. 

“Tears, Cheers, The Archers, and Soy Sauce: The Hong Kong Handover of 1997".” The Gale Review, 28 Jun. 2017, https://review.gale.com/2017/06/28/tears-cheers-the-archers-and-soy-sauce-the-hong-kong-handover-of-1997.

TIME Staff. “The New Guard.” TIME, 25 Oct. 1999, https://time.com/archive/6955165/the-new-guard.

Tyler, Patrick E. “China Demands U.S. Cancel Visit by Taiwan’s President.” The New York Times, 24 May 1995, https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/24/world/china-demands-us-cancel-visit-by-taiwan-s-president.html.

“1999: Chinese President Snubs Swiss Government.” Swiss Info, 25 Mar. 2019, https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/foreign-affairs/diplomatic-rift-_1999-chinese-president-snubs-swiss-government-over-protest/44848028.

Apple, R. W., Jr. “Analysis: Plenty of Process, but Little Progress.” The New York Times, 30 Oct. 1997, https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/world/103097us-china-assess.html.

Beech, Hannah, and Sergey Ponomarev. “‘Everything in Hong Kong Has Changed’: A Road to Reinvention.” The New York Times, 30 Jun. 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/30/world/asia/hong-kong-china-anniversary-handover.html.

Bloomberg News. “Boeing, Challenging Airbus, Seeks to Sell Planes to China.” The New York Times, 24 Apr. 1997, https://www.nytimes.com/1997/04/24/business/boeing-challenging-airbus-seeks-to-sell-planes-to-china.html.

“China Orders Boeing Jetliners Worth $3 Billion.” MediaRoom, https://boeing.mediaroom.com/1997-10-30-China-Orders-Boeing-Jetliners-Worth-3-Billion. 

Chuang. An Embassy’s Blood, a March in Beijing, and Chinese Intellectuals in 1999: The Birth of a New Nationalism. 19 Jun. 2023, https://chuangcn.org/2023/06/an-embassys-blood.

Cooper, Helene. “Cox Report on Spying by China Is Taking Big Toll on Relations.” Wall Street Journal, 26 May 1999, https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB927647920391713910.

Dalpino, Catharin E. “Human Rights in China.” Brookings, 1 Jun. 1999, https://www.brookings.edu/articles/human-rights-in-china.

Eckholm, Erik. “China Enacts Strict Law Aimed at Smashing Cult.” The New York Times, 31 Oct. 1999, https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/world/asia/103199china-cult.html.

---. “China Sect Members Covertly Meet Press and Ask World’s Help.” The New York Times, 29 Oct. 1999, https://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/29/world/china-sect-members-covertly-meet-press-and-ask-world-s-help.html.

Erlanger, Steven. “Analysis: In Washington, China’s Payoff Is New Respect, New Status.” Archive.Nytimes.Com, 31 Oct. 1997, https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/world/103197us-china-assess.html.

Faison, Seth. “American Urging on Rights Seems Merely to Harden Jiang.” The New York Times, 2 Nov. 1997, https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/world/110297us-china-rights.html.

---. “Analysis: U.S. Trip Is Everything Jiang Expected.” The New York Times, 3 Nov. 1997, https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/world/110397us-china-assess.html?ref=booktrad.sussudio.ovh.

Hart, Hugh. “His Career Is No Stunt.” Los Angeles Times, 8 Sept. 2002, www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-sep-08-ca-hart8-story.html.

“Jackie Chan Admits He Is Not a Fan of “Rush Hour” Films.” Wayback Machine, Fox News, 30 Sept. 2007, web.archive.org/web/20071109120313/www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,298648,00.html.

Tsui, Clarence. “Jackie Chan Calls for Curbs on Political Freedom in Hong Kong.” The Hollywood Reporter, 13 Dec. 2012, www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/jackie-chan-calls-curbs-political-401946/.

“Profile: Jiang Zemin.” BBC News, 23 Oct. 2012, https://bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-20038774.

Schmitt, Eric. “CRISIS IN THE BALKANS: EMBASSY BOMBING; Two Victims In U.S. Raid Reportedly Were Spies.” The New York Times, 25 Jun. 1999, https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/25/world/crisis-balkans-embassy-bombing-two-victims-us-raid-reportedly-were-spies.html.

Shambaugh, David and International Herald Tribune. “Great Achievements At Horrendous Cost To China.” The New York Times, 1 Oct. 1999, https://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/01/opinion/IHT-great-achievements-at-horrendous-cost-to-china.html.

“Jiang Zemin’s 1997 U.S. Visit.” The New York Times, 3 Nov. 1997, https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/world/asia/index-china-summit97.html. 

“The Year of Living Anxiously: China’s 1999.” Dissent Magazine, https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/the-year-of-living-anxiously-chinas-1999. 

Tran, Mark. “Demonstrator Arrested as Protests Mark Jiang Zemin’s Visit.” The Guardian, 19 Oct. 1999, https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/oct/19/uk.marktran.

Xinhua News Agency. China: Vice-President’s Televised Speech Widely Supported. 10 May 1999, https://www.proquest.com/docview/449810360?sourcetype=Wire%20Feeds.

Baron, James. “The Glorious Contradictions of Lee Teng-Hui.” The Diplomat, 8 Aug. 2020, https://thediplomat.com/2020/08/the-glorious-contradictions-of-lee-teng-hui.

China and Taiwan: A Really Simple Guide. 12 Jan. 2022, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-59900139.

“Hong Kong and Tibet.” Origins, 9 Jul. 1997, https://origins.osu.edu/history-news/hong-kong-and-tibet.

Mojahedi, Daniel S. “Lee Teng-Hui and Cross-Strait Relations: 1995-1999.” China Research Center, 10 Apr. 2011, https://www.chinacenter.net/2011/china-currents/10-1/lee-teng-hui-and-cross-strait-relations-1995-1999.

“Remarks on China.” Clintonwhitehouse4.Archives.Gov, 24 Oct. 1997, https://clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov/WH/New/html/19971024-3863.html.

Roper, John C. “U.S. Aircraft Carrier in Asia ‘Routine.’” UPI, 26 Jan. 1996, https://www.upi.com/Archives/1996/01/26/US-aircraft-carrier-in-Asia-routine/5535822632400.

Smith, Craig S. Doctor Says He Took Transplant Organs From Executed Chinese Prisoners. 29 Jun. 2001, https://web.archive.org/web/20171215084640/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/29/world/doctor-says-he-took-transplant-organs-from-executed-chinese-prisoners.html.

International Bodies

Erlanger, Steven. “U.S. WILL OPPOSE MOVE TO RE-ELECT TOP U.N. OFFICIAL.” The New York Times, 20 Jun. 1996, https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/20/world/us-will-oppose-move-to-re-elect-top-un-official.html.

John, Tara. “The Rise and Fall of Boutros Boutros-Ghali at the U.N.” TIME, 16 Feb. 2016, https://time.com/4225880/boutros-ghali-united-nations-obituary.

Reuters. “Two Concepts of Sovereignty.” The Economist, 16 Sep. 1999, https://www.economist.com/international/1999/09/16/two-concepts-of-sovereignty.

“Threat by U.S. to Veto a Boutros-Ghali Second Term Stirs Resentment.” WRMEA, 24 Aug. 1996, https://www.wrmea.org/1996-august-september/threat-by-u.s.-to-veto-a-boutros-ghali-second-term-stirs-resentment.html.

Bill Clinton

“BBC.” Scandalous Scoop Breaks Online, 25 Jan. 1998, https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1998/clinton_scandal/50031.stm.

Grey, Stephen. “Five Facts and Five Fictions About CIA Rendition.” PBS, 4 Nov. 2007, https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/rendition701/updates/updates.html.

“Idaho Rep. Chenoweth Acknowledges Affair.” Tampa Bay Times, 11 Sep. 1998, https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1998/09/11/idaho-rep-chenoweth-acknowledges-affair.

“Larry Flynt, Investigative Pornographer.” Washington Post, 19 Dec. 1998, https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/flynt121998.htm.

LaSalle, Mick. “With Coincidences, `Wag the Dog’ Takes on Life of Its Own.” SFGATE, 21 Aug. 1998, https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/with-coincidences-wag-the-dog-takes-on-life-of-2995475.php.

“NBC’s Vetting of Juanita Broaddrick: Clinton’s Accuser Discusses Agonizing Weeks as NBC Dragged It Out.” Observer, 12 Apr. 1999, https://observer.com/1999/04/nbcs-vetting-of-juanita-broaddrick-clintons-accuser-discusses-agonizing-weeks-as-nbc-dragged-it-out.

“Paula to Penthouse: The Right ‘Used Me.’” The Daily Beast, 17 Oct. 2016, https://www.thedailybeast.com/paula-jones-to-penthouse-the-right-used-me?ref=scroll.

Peterson, Jonathan. Author Apologizes to Clinton for Breaking “Troopergate.” 10 Mar. 1998, https://web.archive.org/web/20160828111042/https://articles.latimes.com/1998/mar/10/news/mn-27466.

“Poll: Most Believe Media Should Lay off Broaddrick Allegation.” CNN, 1 Mar. 1999, https://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/03/01/poll.

Simon, Roger. “Nude Photos Expose Jones and Her Selective Memory.” Baltimore Sun, 2 Dec. 1994, https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1994-12-02-1994336011-story.html.

“The Lives Of Kathleen Willey - March 30, 1998.” CNN, 23 Mar. 1998, https://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/03/23/time/willey.html.

THE SPEAKER STEPS DOWN; Excerpts From Phone Call About Gingrich’s Future. 8 Nov. 1998, https://web.archive.org/web/20160804035421/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/08/us/the-speaker-steps-down-excerpts-from-phone-call-about-gingrich-s-future.html.